It is the first contact dictionary in Bosnian languages that all-encompassively record borrows from German in Bosnian. The author of the dictionary DNET MEMIĆ says that the basis for writing dictionaries was his doctoral thesis at the University of Vienna on language contact between the language and the German language in the example of speech in the city of Sarajevo.
Each hopper in the dictionary also has a confirmation from the corps of the texts in Bosnian, most often from the language of the BH. Prints.
The Germanism survey was working, as he says, by combined methods, then the empirical method in the selected number of speakers, and then by a detailed analysis of different texts in Bosnian, online media, forum and other, because There can be found most Germanizes.
When asked if there is a special historical phase when Germanisms entered the most Bosnian language he stated that it was certainly any time of the Austro-Hungarian occupation and the annexes of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
– Germanisms existed in those varieties of Serbian and Croatian languages who were spoken of in territories that were earlier under the Habsburg government, e.g. Raw Croatia, Slavonia, Vojvodina, etc. After the Austro-Hungarian occupation, more than 100,000 immigrants, most of the other South Slavic Mount Monarchs, came to BiH and brought Germanisms that accepted the local population and adopted in its language practice – the author said.
He pointed out that as all borrows and Germanisms must pass the process of adaptation of the recipient, therefore, the phonetic and phonological and morphologically, we can at all in our language system, and through the use of the recipient, and the meanings that do not have in language the donor.
Memić assumes that people who do not know German are hardly recognized by Germanisms.
– The most difficult are those Germanisms that are older borrows, which have been adapted to the Bosnian language system in a high degree, e.g. “Hanger” (hallway, of her. “Gang”), “slag” (from her. “Schlack”), “Snow.”), “Potato.” etc.
He emphasizes that today people experience Germanisms as well as oriental borrows that have meanwhile have also become the signal words of our own identity such as “Merak”, “Ters”, “Ćeif”, “Rahatluk”.
– It’s all the proof that all the words in the language are just as valuable and can be equally dear to us or we can consider them, no matter what origins are. Language contact is a natural thing in every language and there is no need to suppress him – he said.
He pointed out that the language is the mirror of the community that speaks it and changes together with it. It is also a natural phenomenon.
– One of the biggest factors of language change is language contact – the influence of other languages is also changing our language. Most often and the simplest by downloading lexical elements – so words from other languages. German has long since there is such a prestigious role in the Bosnian language community as English. Under the influence of English, but also the standardization processes of the former Serbian, and today Bosnian language Most Germanises are suppressed into slightly less formal linguistic style, conversational language and dialects. So, for example, in a “screwdriver” word “, but in the speech will always be” Sharaficiger, “in a speech, it is similar with words like” tailor / schnider “,” narrower / girth “,” rope / cable ” etc. Nevertheless, there are many Germanisms for which we have no substitutions in the formal style and standard language: “PUČ” is one such word – he said.
Author’s favorite Germanism is the word “hohstapler” from German “Hochstapler”.
– The word is quite emotional, it can be insulting, and the contextually sometimes humorous. The very word is long, typical of German, and not so simple to say, and yet it has found a way to wide use in our language. Another very interesting word is “Gojzerice”, from the Austrian dialect word “Goiserer”. Today, this word in Austrian German is almost unknown, and cultural-historical leads us to the tradition of making mountaineering shoes in the Austrian Bad Goisern.
In the survey, he discovered something that was particularly surprised by him.
– For a long time, I couldn’t figure out why in Bosnian language for a person without money, he says “Švorc”. This word comes from the Austrian dialect, the standard German is “Schwarz” (black). And when I almost gave up on asking the semantic relationship, I saw that for a person who was without money in Vienna 100 and over this word. Then it was black meant to be without money, “Memić said.
He stressed that the topic of language contact is inexhaustible and would be happy to present it more to the Austrians and Germans, who are always positively surprised when they see how many words came from German.
(Vijesti.ba / Fena)
